What is the greenhouse effect?

• A. The cooling of Earth’s surface due to the loss of heat.
• B. The warming of Earth’s surface due to the trapping of heat by greenhouse gases.
• C. The process of carbon dioxide being absorbed by plants.
• D. The natural cycle of weather changes on the planet.

Answer: (B)

The greenhouse effect refers to the warming of Earth’s surface that occurs when greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor, trap heat. Sunlight enters the atmosphere and warms the Earth's surface, which then emits this energy as infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases absorb and re-radiate this heat, preventing it from escaping back into space. This natural process keeps the Earth at a temperature conducive to supporting life.

The key aspect of the greenhouse effect is the role of these gases in maintaining the Earth's average temperature, creating a stable climate system. Without the greenhouse effect, Earth would be too cold for most forms of life. Therefore, the correct answer highlights the significant role that the trapping of heat by greenhouse gases plays in warming the Earth’s surface.